Biochar Production
Biochar is produced through pyrolysis by heating, and then rapidly cooling, feedstock in the absence of oxygen. Biochar can be created using low-tech, mid-tech, or high-tech processes.
Low-Tech Biochar Production
Conservation Burns
This production method involves burning biomass in a controlled manner with limited oxygen supply, resulting in the production of biochar. The biomass is typically stacked in a mound or trench and then covered with soil or other insulating materials to restrict airflow. The slow combustion process leads to the production of biochar while minimizing emissions. Typically, conservation burns efficiency ranges from 5-15%.
Kiln Burns
Kiln burns involve the use of a simple, low-cost kiln structure to convert biomass into biochar. The biomass is loaded into the kiln, and controlled heat is applied to initiate the pyrolysis process. The kiln design allows for better temperature control and reduces emissions compared to open-air burns, and efficiency ranges from 10-25%.
Mid-Tech Biochar Production
Air Curtain Burns
Air curtain burners, also known as air curtain destructors, are devices designed to burn biomass efficiently while minimizing smoke and emissions. They use a curtain of high-velocity air to create a barrier that separates the combustion zone from the surrounding environment, reducing the release of particulate matter and pollutants. Air curtain burners can be used to produce biochar as a byproduct of the combustion process.
CharBoss
Kiln burns involve the use of a simple, low-cost kiln structure to convert biomass into biochar. The biomass is loaded into the kiln, and controlled heat is applied to initiate the pyrolysis process. The kiln design allows for better temperature control and reduces emissions compared to open-air burns, and efficiency ranges from 10-25%.
High-Tech Biochar Production
CoGen
CoGen, short for co-generation, refers to advanced biochar production systems that integrate the generation of heat and power. These systems typically involve the use of specialized reactors or gasifiers that convert biomass into biochar, along with the production of syngas. The syngas can be further utilized to generate electricity or heat, providing an additional energy output. CoGen systems offer high efficiency and versatility in biochar production, but they require more advanced technology and infrastructure compared to low and mid-tech methods.